A Byte of Vim is a book which aims to help you to learn how to use the Vim editor (version 7), even if all you know is how to use the computer keyboard.

The first part of this book is meant for new users who want to understand what Vim is and learn how to use it.

The second part of this book is for people who already know how to use Vim and want to learn about features that make Vim so powerful, such as windows and tabs, personal information management, making it a programmer’s editor, how to extend Vim with your own plugins, and more.

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This tutorial is an elementary introduction to teach non-programmers how to customize their work environment; it can also be used as an introduction to programming basics. It includes numerous exercises and sample programs; the author also walks you through the actual source code of several GNU Emacs commands. A handy reference appendix is included.

Emacs Lisp is a simple, complete, and powerful programming language. It is the building block of GNU Emacs, which is an integrated development environment with special features for scanning and parsing text as well as for handling multiple files, buffers, displays, windows, and sub-processors.

This text will show you:

• how to set variables and write function definitions
• How to use "if" and "let"
• How to write "while" loops and recursive loops
• How to search for a word or expression
• How to customize GNU Emacs for yourself, even when it is shared on a network.
• How to debug programs

and much more. This revised third edition covers new features included in GNU Emacs version 21, while remaining compatible with earlier versions.

Print copies available for purchase from the Free Software Foundation.

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Since the launch of Bitcoin in 2009 several hundred different ‘cryptocurrencies’ have been developed and become accepted for a wide variety of transactions in leading online commercial marketplaces and the ‘sharing economy’, as well as by more traditional retailers, manufacturers, and even by charities and political parties. Bitcoin and its competitors have also garnered attention for their wildly fluctuating values as well as implication in international money laundering, Ponzi schemes and online trade in illicit goods and services across borders. These and other controversies surrounding cryptocurrencies have induced varying governance responses by central banks, government ministries, international organizations, and industry regulators worldwide. Besides formal attempts to ban Bitcoin, there have been multifaceted efforts to incorporate elements of blockchains, the peer-to-peer technology underlying cryptocurrencies, in the wider exchange, recording, and broadcasting of digital transactions. Blockchains are being mobilized to support and extend an array of governance activities. The novelty and breadth of growing blockchain-based activities have fuelled both utopian promises and dystopian fears regarding applications of the emergent technology to Bitcoin and beyond. This volume brings scholars of anthropology, economics, Science and Technology Studies, and sociology together with GPE scholars in assessing the actual implications posed by Bitcoin and blockchains for contemporary global governance. Its interdisciplinary contributions provide academics, policymakers, industry practitioners and the general public with more nuanced understandings of technological change in the changing character of governance within and across the borders of nation-states.

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Who are computer hackers? What is free software? And what does the emergence of a community dedicated to the production of free and open source software--and to hacking as a technical, aesthetic, and moral project--reveal about the values of contemporary liberalism? Exploring the rise and political significance of the free and open source software (F/OSS) movement in the United States and Europe, Coding Freedom details the ethics behind hackers' devotion to F/OSS, the social codes that guide its production, and the political struggles through which hackers question the scope and direction of copyright and patent law. In telling the story of the F/OSS movement, the book unfolds a broader narrative involving computing, the politics of access, and intellectual property.

E. Gabriella Coleman tracks the ways in which hackers collaborate and examines passionate manifestos, hacker humor, free software project governance, and festive hacker conferences. Looking at the ways that hackers sustain their productive freedom, Coleman shows that these activists, driven by a commitment to their work, reformulate key ideals including free speech, transparency, and meritocracy, and refuse restrictive intellectual protections. Coleman demonstrates how hacking, so often marginalized or misunderstood, sheds light on the continuing relevance of liberalism in online collaboration.

Available for purchase at Princeton University Press

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This book is written in an informal style. Readers are assumed to know what version control tools are, and that, being familiar with Subversion/CVS, are interested in knowing how “distributed” version control systems (Git in particular) work. It also tries to show how to use git effectively.

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Docker is a tool for packaging and shipping apps. Based on the idea of a shipping container, it provides a standardized way for developers or system administrators to create lightweight images, or collections of images, for each element of an application, and then easily and quickly deploy the image. Since the image is standardized, it can be uniformly deployed on development or production, leading to a much simpler workflow, faster development time for the dev team, and lower management overhead for the ops team.

This guide introduces the key ideas you'll use again and again in Docker, such as images, layers, containers, commits, tags, and so forth.

Read online at github.io

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This book is a collection of the best practices for using Flask. There are a lot of pieces to the average Flask application. You’ll often need to interact with a database and authenticate users, for example. In the coming pages I’ll do my best to explain the “right way” to do this sort of stuff. My recommendations aren’t always going to apply, but I’m hoping that they’ll be a good option most of the time.

Explore Flask is a book about best practices and patterns for developing web applications with Flask. The book was funded by 426 backers on Kickstarter in July 2013.

I finally released the book, after spending almost a year working on it. Almost immediately I was tired of managing distribution and limiting the book’s audience by putting it behind a paywall. I didn’t write a book to run a business, I wrote it to put some helpful content out there and help grow the Flask community. An HTML version is at https://exploreflask.com/

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FREE AS IN FREEDOM interweaves biographical snapshots of GNU project founder RICHARD STALLMAN with the political, social and economic history of the free software movement. Starting with how it all began--a desire for software code from Xerox to make the printing more efficient--to the continuing quest for free software that exists today. It is a movement that Stallman has at turns defined, directed and manipulated. Like Alan Greenspan in the financial sector, Stallman has assumed the role of tribal elder in a community that bills itself as anarchic and immune to central authority. FREE AS IN FREEDOM looks at how the latest twists and turns in the software marketplace have done little to throw Stallman off his pedestal. Discover how the Richard's childhood and teenage experiences made him the man he is today. If anything, they have made Stallman's logic-based rhetoric and immovable personality more persuasive. In a rapidly changing world people need a fixed reference point, and Stallman has become that reference point for many in the software world.

This is the original edition from 2002. There is also a revised edition with annotations by Richard Stallman.

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How a loose-knit group of programmers, dreamers, philosophers, geniuses and fools discovered the fact that that they could write better software in less time by just giving it all away. Follow the ecstasy, the triumphs, the battles, the failures, the treachery, the cooperation, the wrong turns, the teamwork, the struggles, and the backbiting on the road to triumph and total global domination.

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Getting Started with Ubuntu 14.04 is a comprehensive beginner's guide designed for the Ubuntu operating system. It is written under an open-source license and is free for you to download, read, modify, and share. This manual will help you become familiar with everyday tasks such as surfing the web, listening to music, and scanning documents. With an emphasis on easy-to-follow instructions, it is suitable for all levels of experience.

Updates and Print available from the team's website.

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The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.tandfebooks.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 3.0 license.Globalization has adversely affected working-class organization and mobilization, increasing inequality by redistribution upwards from labour to capital. However, workers around the world are challenging their increased exploitation by globalizing corporations. In developed countries, many unions are transforming themselves to confront employer power in ways more appropriate to contemporary circumstances; in developing countries, militant new labour movements are emerging. Drawing upon insights in anti-determinist Marxian perspectives, Verity Burgmann shows how working-class resistance is not futile, as protagonists of globalization often claim. She identifies eight characteristics of globalization harmful to workers and describes and analyses how they have responded collectively to these problems since 1990 and especially this century. With case studies from around the world, including Greece since 2008,she pays particular attention to new types of labour movement organization and mobilization that are not simply defensive reactions but are offensive and innovative responses that compel corporations or political institutions to change. Aging and less agile manifestations of the labour movement decline while new expressions of working-class organization and mobilization arise to better battle with corporate globalization. This book will be of interest to students and scholars of labour studies, globalization, political economy, Marxism and sociology of work.

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GNU Emacs is much more than a text editor; over the years it has expanded into an entire work flow environment. Programmers are impressed by its integrated debugging and project management features. Emacs is also a multi-lingual text editor, can handle all your email and Usenet news needs, display web pages, and even has a diary and a calendar for your appointments. When you tire of all the work you can accomplish with it, Emacs contains games to play.

Features include:

• Special editing modes for 25 programming languages including Java, Perl, C, C++, Objective C, Fortran, Lisp, Scheme, and Pascal.
• Special scripting language modes for Bash, other common shells, and creating Makefiles for GNU/Linux, Unix, Windows/DOS and VMS systems
• Support for typing and displaying in 21 non-English languages, including Chinese, Czech, Hindi, Hebrew, Russian, Vietnamese, and all Western European languages
• Creates Postscript output from plain text files and has special editing modes for LaTeX and TeX
• Compile and debug from inside Emacs
• Maintain extensive ChangeLogs
• Extensive file merge and diff functions
• Directory navigation: flag, move, and delete files and sub-directories recursively
• Run shell commands from inside Emacs, or even use Emacs as a shell itself (Eshell)
• Version control management for release and beta versions, with CVS and RCS integration.
• And much more!

This book picks up where the introductory on-line tutorial, available in several languages, included with Emacs, ends. It explains the full range of Emacs' power and contains reference material useful to expert users. Appendices with specific material for Macintosh and Microsoft OS users are included. Print copies can be ordered from The Free Software Foundation.

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This best-selling manual is indispensable to free software system maintainers. The GNU Make manual, written by the program's original authors and current maintainer, is the definitive tutorial. It is carefully designed to be useful to all levels of users, and includes an introductory chapter for novices. The Make utility automates the process of compilation; it is especially useful when the source files of large programs change. GNU Make is becoming increasingly popular as it is able to meet the needs of free software system hackers in system management. It is a small program with a lot of power.

This book will show you:

• How to write your own makefiles
• Make's rule syntax and how to write your own rules
• How the Make utility can be configured to automatically put binary and source files in the right places.
• How to use make to create archive files automatically
• Define, set and use Make's variables
• How Make uses targets so that you can broaden or narrow Make's recompilation efforts on demand.

And much more!

This manual provides a complete explanation of Make, both the basics and extended features. There is also a convenient Quick Reference appendix for experts.

Currently at version 3.81. Buy a print copy from the Free Software Foundation

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Aprenda quão fácil e rápido é desenvolver aplicativos para o Firefox OS, o novo sistema operacional móvel da Mozilla. Com esse livro super prático você aprenderá através de exemplos como criar apps desde o início até a distribuição. Este livro também cobre as Web APIs, que são as APIs de acesso ao hardware via Javascript, mais utilizadas.

Este é um livro beta. Also available in English.

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Ruby is an easy to learn programming language, it was invented by a guy named Matz in Japan. Ruby is a free software and can be used by any one for zero cost. Ruby's popularity was initially confined to Japan, later it slowly trickled out to rest of the world. Things changed with the emergence of Ruby on Rails which is a popular web-development framework written with Ruby.

I was thrilled when I started to program in Ruby. One of my first application was a student ranking software for my mom who was a teacher. I was able to write the console based application in just 32 lines. This opened my eyes and made me realize the power of Ruby. The language was simple, easy to learn and nearly perfect. Currently I am an professional Ruby on Rails programmer working in TechArtUs.

This book is written for GNU/Linux (Debian distro) users, thats because I think GNU/Linux will conquer desktops of programmers in near future. Almost all who have Debian GNU/Linux based distro should feel at home while trying to learn Ruby using this book. If you are using other operating systems like Solaris, OSX or Windows please contact your Operating System help channels to learn how to install or get started with Ruby.

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This book focuses on fundamental and applied research on geo-information technology, notably optical and radar remote sensing and algorithm improvements, and their applications in environmental monitoring. This Special Issue presents ten high-quality research papers covering up-to-date research in land cover change and desertification analyses, geo-disaster risk and damage evaluation, mining area restoration assessments, the improvement and development of algorithms, and coastal environmental monitoring and object targeting. The purpose of this Special Issue is to promote exchanges, communications and share the research outcomes of scientists worldwide and to bridge the gap between scientific research and its applications for advancing and improving society.

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Continuous Integration, or CI, is a cornerstone of modern software development best practices. Jenkins, an Open Source Continuous Integration tool, is by far the most popular Continuous Integration tool on the market, and for good reason! It's intuitive user interface and powerful features make setting up a Continuous Integration service a real breeze.

This book will teach you how to build a powerful and robust CI infrastructure using Jenkins. It is both a tutorial-style introduction and a comprehensive reference to implementing Continuous Integration and automating the build process with Jenkins. It's intention is not only to describe and document Jenkins, but also to provide a wealth of best practices and real-world tips enabling readers to get the most out of their Continuous Integration environment.

Jenkins: The Definitive Guide is an open source book, and is freely available online and in PDF form. The printed copy and eBook versions (ePub, mobi) are also available for purchase here.

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There are many reasons why you would want to read this book. One of the questions many people raise is, “why go through all the hassle of manually building a Linux system from scratch when you can just download and install an existing one?”

One important reason for this project's existence is to help you learn how a Linux system works from the inside out. Building an LFS system helps demonstrate what makes Linux tick, and how things work together and depend on each other. One of the best things that this learning experience can provide is the ability to customize a Linux system to suit your own unique needs.

Another key benefit of LFS is that it allows you to have more control over the system without relying on someone else's Linux implementation. With LFS, you are in the driver's seat and dictate every aspect of the system.

LFS allows you to create very compact Linux systems. When installing regular distributions, you are often forced to install a great many programs which are probably never used or understood. These programs waste resources. You may argue that with today's hard drive and CPUs, such resources are no longer a consideration. Sometimes, however, you are still constrained by size considerations if nothing else. Think about bootable CDs, USB sticks, and embedded systems. Those are areas where LFS can be beneficial.

Another advantage of a custom built Linux system is security. By compiling the entire system from source code, you are empowered to audit everything and apply all the security patches desired. It is no longer necessary to wait for somebody else to compile binary packages that fix a security hole. Unless you examine the patch and implement it yourself, you have no guarantee that the new binary package was built correctly and adequately fixes the problem. The goal of Linux From Scratch is to build a complete and usable foundation-level system. If you do not wish to build your own Linux system from scratch, you may not entirely benefit from the information in this book.

There are too many other good reasons to build your own LFS system to list them all here. In the end, education is by far the most powerful of reasons. As you continue in your LFS experience, you will discover the power that information and knowledge truly bring.

Donate or contribute to the LFS Project.

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Making Games with Python & Pygame covers the Pygame library with the source code for 11 games. Making Games was written as a sequel for the same age range as Invent with Python. Once you have an understanding of the basics of Python programming, you can now expand your abilities using the Pygame library to make games with graphics, animation, and sound.

The book features the source code to 11 games. The games are clones of classics such as Nibbles, Tetris, Simon, Bejeweled, Othello, Connect Four, Flood It, and others.

Buy the book via Inventwithpython.com

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This open access book revolves around predictive mathematical modelling and simulation of brain multiphysics with an emphasis on cerebrospinal fluid flow and solute transport in and around the human brain. The book consists of 10 self-contained and relatively short chapters, each offering a rapid introduction to a key problem or topic, supported by open source software. Readers will gain insights into state-of-the-art mathematical tools and techniques for modelling and simulation of brain multiphysics ranging from classical finite element approaches, network-based modelling techniques and deep neural networks. The target audiences are researchers in applied mathematics, scientific computing, biophysics, bioengineering or computational neuroscience interested in a compact introduction to image-based computational modeling of brain multiphysics and cutting-edge available tools.

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The goal of these resources is to give a bird's eye view of the developments in open scientific research. That is, we cover both social developments (e.g. the culture in various communities) as well as technological ones. As such, no part of the contents are especially in-depth or geared towards advanced users of specific practices or tools. Nevertheless, certain sections are more relevant to some people than to others. Specifically:

• The most interesting sections for Graduate students will be about navigating the literature,managing evolving projects, and publishing and reviewing.
• Lab technicians may derive the most benefit from the sections about capturing data, working with reproducibility in mind and sharing data.
• For data scientists, the sections on organizing computational projects as workflows, managing versions of data and source code, open source software development, and data representation will be most relevant.
• Principal investigators may be most interested in the sections on data management, data sharing, and coping with evolving projects.
• Scientific publishers may be interested to know how scientists navigate the literature, what the expectations are for enhanced publications, and the needs for data publishing.
• Science funders and policy makers may easily find value in the capturing data, data management,data sharing and navigating the literature.
• Science communicators may be more interested in exploring the content by starting with navigating the literature, working with reproducibility in mind and sharing data.

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collaboration; information systems; Linux; open access; open source software

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference on Open Source Systems, OSS 2017, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in May 2017.

The 16 revised full papers and 3 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics related to free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS), including: licensing, strategies, and practices; case studies; projects, communication, and participation; tools; and project management, development and evaluation.

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This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 13th IFIP WG 2.13 International Conference on Open Source Systems, OSS 2017, held in Buenos Aires, Argentina, in May 2017.

The 16 revised full papers and 3 short papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 32 submissions. The papers cover a wide range of topics related to free, libre, and open source software (FLOSS), including: licensing, strategies, and practices; case studies; projects, communication, and participation; tools; and project management, development and evaluation.

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Open Sources 2.0 is a collection of insightful and thought-provoking essays from today's technology leaders that continues painting the evolutionary picture that developed in the 1999 book Open Sources: Voices from the Revolution .

These essays explore open source's impact on the software industry and reveal how open source concepts are infiltrating other areas of commerce and society. The essays appeal to a broad audience: the software developer will find thoughtful reflections on practices and methodology from leading open source developers like Jeremy Allison and Ben Laurie, while the business executive will find analyses of business strategies from the likes of Sleepycat co-founder and CEO Michael Olson and Open Source Business Conference founder Matt Asay.

From China, Europe, India, and Brazil we get essays that describe the developing world's efforts to join the technology forefront and use open source to take control of its high tech destiny. For anyone with a strong interest in technology trends, these essays are a must-read.

The enduring significance of open source goes well beyond high technology, however. At the heart of the new paradigm is network-enabled distributed collaboration: the growing impact of this model on all forms of online collaboration is fundamentally challenging our modern notion of community.

What does the future hold? Veteran open source commentators Tim O'Reilly and Doc Searls offer their perspectives, as do leading open source scholars Steven Weber and Sonali Shah. Andrew Hessel traces the migration of open source ideas from computer technology to biotechnology, and Wikipedia co-founder Larry Sanger and Slashdot co-founder Jeff Bates provide frontline views of functioning, flourishing online collaborative communities.

The power of collaboration, enabled by the internet and open source software, is changing the world in ways we can only begin to imagine.Open Sources 2.0 further develops the evolutionary picture that emerged in the original Open Sources and expounds on the transformative open source philosophy.

Print and other purchase options at O'Reilly.

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Freely available source code, with contributions from thousands of programmers around the world: this is the spirit of the software revolution known as Open Source. Open Source has grabbed the computer industry's attention. Netscape has opened the source code to Mozilla; IBM supports Apache; major database vendors haved ported their products to Linux. As enterprises realize the power of the open-source development model, Open Source is becoming a viable mainstream alternative to commercial software.Now in Open Sources, leaders of Open Source come together for the first time to discuss the new vision of the software industry they have created. The essays in this volume offer insight into how the Open Source movement works, why it succeeds, and where it is going.For programmers who have labored on open-source projects, Open Sources is the new gospel: a powerful vision from the movement's spiritual leaders. For businesses integrating open-source software into their enterprise, Open Sources reveals the mysteries of how open development builds better software, and how businesses can leverage freely available software for a competitive business advantage.The contributors here have been the leaders in the open-source arena:

• Brian Behlendorf (Apache)
• Kirk McKusick (Berkeley Unix)
• Tim O'Reilly (Publisher, O'Reilly & Associates)
• Bruce Perens (Debian Project, Open Source Initiative)
• Tom Paquin and Jim Hamerly (mozilla.org, Netscape)
• Eric Raymond (Open Source Initiative)
• Richard Stallman (GNU, Free Software Foundation, Emacs)
• Michael Tiemann (Cygnus Solutions)
• Linus Torvalds (Linux)
• Paul Vixie (Bind)
• Larry Wall (Perl)

This book explains why the majority of the Internet's servers use open- source technologies for everything from the operating system to Web serving and email. Key technology products developed with open-source software have overtaken and surpassed the commercial efforts of billion dollar companies like Microsoft and IBM to dominate software markets. Learn the inside story of what led Netscape to decide to release its source code using the open-source mode. Learn how Cygnus Solutions builds the world's best compilers by sharing the source code. Learn why venture capitalists are eagerly watching Red Hat Software, a company that gives its key product -- Linux -- away.For the first time in print, this book presents the story of the open- source phenomenon told by the people who created this movement.Open Sources will bring you into the world of free software and show you the revolution.

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There’s a lot of outdated information on the Web that leads new PHP users astray, propagating bad practices and insecure code. PHP: The Right Way is an easy-to-read, quick reference for PHP popular coding standards, links to authoritative tutorials around the Web and what the contributors consider to be best practices at the present time.

There is no canonical way to use PHP. The website aims to introduce new PHP developers to some topics which they may not discover until it is too late, and aims to give seasoned pros some fresh ideas on those topics they’ve been doing for years without ever reconsidering. This ebook will also not tell you which tools to use, but instead offer suggestions for multiple options, when possible explaining the differences in approach and use-case.

It is a living document and will continue to be updated with more helpful information and examples as they become available.

This book is on sale at Leanpub. 100% of the authors' royalties are going directly to the Electronic Frontier Foundation.

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Git is the version control system developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. It took the open source world by storm since its inception in 2005, and is used by small development shops and giants like Google, Red Hat, and IBM, and of course many open source projects.

A book by Git experts to turn you into a Git expert Introduces the world of distributed version control Shows how to build a Git development workflow
What you’ll learn

• Use Git as a programmer or a project leader
• Become a fluent Git user
• Use distributed features of Git to the full
• Acquire the ability to insert Git in the development workflow
• Migrate programming projects from other SCMs to Git
• Learn how to extend Git

Who this book is for
This book is for all open source developers: you are bound to encounter Git somewhere in the course of your working life. Proprietary software developers will appreciate Git’s enormous scalability, since it is used for the Linux project, which comprises thousands of developers and testers.

Table of Contents

• Getting Started
• Git Basics
• Git Branching
• Git on the Server
• Distributed Git
• Git Tools
• Customizing Git
• Git and Other Systems
• Git Internals

The entire Pro Git book, written by Scott Chacon and published by Apress, is available on the git-scm website (CC BY-NC-SA). This version has been translated into 한국어, Deutsch, 日本語, Русский, français, 简体中文 and other languages. A revised version, with expanded coverage of GitHub, is not available.

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Git is the version control system developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. It took the open source world by storm since its inception in 2005, and is used by small development shops and giants like Google, Red Hat, and IBM, and of course many open source projects.

A book by Git experts to turn you into a Git expert Introduces the world of distributed version control Shows how to build a Git development workflow
What you’ll learn

• Use Git as a programmer or a project leader
• Become a fluent Git user
• Use distributed features of Git to the full
• Acquire the ability to insert Git in the development workflow
• Migrate programming projects from other SCMs to Git
• Learn how to extend Git

Who this book is for
This book is for all open source developers: you are bound to encounter Git somewhere in the course of your working life. Proprietary software developers will appreciate Git’s enormous scalability, since it is used for the Linux project, which comprises thousands of developers and testers.

Table of Contents

• Getting Started
• Git Basics
• Git Branching
• Git on the Server
• Distributed Git
• Git Tools
• Customizing Git
• Git and Other Systems
• Git Internals

The entire Pro Git book, written by Scott Chacon and published by Apress, is available on the git-scm website (CC BY-NC-SA). This version has been translated into 한국어, Deutsch, 日本語, Русский, français, 简体中文 and other languages. A revised version, with expanded coverage of GitHub, is not available.

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Git is the version control system developed by Linus Torvalds for Linux kernel development. It took the open source world by storm since its inception in 2005, and is used by small development shops and giants like Google, Red Hat, and IBM, and of course many open source projects.

A book by Git experts to turn you into a Git expert Introduces the world of distributed version control Shows how to build a Git development workflow
What you’ll learn

• Use Git as a programmer or a project leader
• Become a fluent Git user
• Use distributed features of Git to the full
• Acquire the ability to insert Git in the development workflow
• Migrate programming projects from other SCMs to Git
• Learn how to extend Git

Who this book is for
This book is for all open source developers: you are bound to encounter Git somewhere in the course of your working life. Proprietary software developers will appreciate Git’s enormous scalability, since it is used for the Linux project, which comprises thousands of developers and testers.

Table of Contents

• Getting Started
• Git Basics
• Git Branching
• Git on the Server
• Distributed Git
• Git Tools
• Customizing Git
• Git and Other Systems
• Git Internals

The entire Pro Git book, written by Scott Chacon and published by Apress, is available on the git-scm website (CC BY-NC-SA). This version has been translated into 한국어, Deutsch, 日本語, Русский, français, 简体中文 and other languages. A revised version, with expanded coverage of GitHub, is not available.

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The corporate market is now embracing free, "open source" software like never before, as evidenced by the recent success of the technologies underlying LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP). Each is the result of a publicly collaborative process among numerous developers who volunteer their time and energy to create better software.
The truth is, however, that the overwhelming majority of free software projects fail. To help you beat the odds, O'Reilly has put together Producing Open Source Software, a guide that recommends tried and true steps to help free software developers work together toward a common goal. Not just for developers who are considering starting their own free software project, this book will also help those who want to participate in the process at any level.
The book tackles this very complex topic by distilling it down into easily understandable parts. Starting with the basics of project management, it details specific tools used in free software projects, including version control, IRC, bug tracking, and Wikis. Author Karl Fogel, known for his work on CVS and Subversion, offers practical advice on how to set up and use a range of tools in combination with open mailing lists and archives. He also provides several chapters on the essentials of recruiting and motivating developers, as well as how to gain much-needed publicity for your project.

While managing a team of enthusiastic developers -- most of whom you've never even met -- can be challenging, it can also be fun. Producing Open Source Software takes this into account, too, as it speaks of the sheer pleasure to be had from working with a motivated team of free software developers.

Version 2.0 is now available.
 

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The corporate market is now embracing free, "open source" software like never before, as evidenced by the recent success of the technologies underlying LAMP (Linux, Apache, MySQL, and PHP). Each is the result of a publicly collaborative process among numerous developers who volunteer their time and energy to create better software.
The truth is, however, that the overwhelming majority of free software projects fail. To help you beat the odds, O'Reilly has put together Producing Open Source Software, a guide that recommends tried and true steps to help free software developers work together toward a common goal. Not just for developers who are considering starting their own free software project, this book will also help those who want to participate in the process at any level.
The book tackles this very complex topic by distilling it down into easily understandable parts. Starting with the basics of project management, it details specific tools used in free software projects, including version control, IRC, bug tracking, and Wikis. Author Karl Fogel, known for his work on CVS and Subversion, offers practical advice on how to set up and use a range of tools in combination with open mailing lists and archives. He also provides several chapters on the essentials of recruiting and motivating developers, as well as how to gain much-needed publicity for your project.

While managing a team of enthusiastic developers -- most of whom you've never even met -- can be challenging, it can also be fun. Producing Open Source Software takes this into account, too, as it speaks of the sheer pleasure to be had from working with a motivated team of free software developers.

Version 2.0 is now available.
 

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OpenResty (aka. ngx_openresty) is a full-fledged web platform by integrating the standard Nginx core, LuaJIT, many carefully written Lua libraries, lots of high quality 3rd-party Nginx modules, and most of their external dependencies. It is designed to help developers easily build scalable web applications, web services, and dynamic web gateways.

By taking advantage of various well-designed Nginx modules (most of which are developed by the OpenResty team themselves), OpenResty effectively turns the nginx server into a powerful web app server, in which the web developers can use the Lua programming language to script various existing nginx C modules and Lua modules and construct extremely high-performance web applications that are capable to handle 10K ~ 1000K+ connections in a single box.

This is an official guide on OpenResty programming written by the OpenResty creator, Yichun Zhang. You can updated versions from the book's website. The latest source of the book can be found in the GitHub repository.

 

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Learn how easy and quick it is to develop applications for Firefox OS, the new mobile operating system by Mozilla. Empowered by this book's practical approach you will learn thru examples how to develop apps from the beginning all the way to the distribution in the Firefox Marketplace.
This book is in perpetual beta. It is a translation into English of Guia Rápido de Desenvolvimento para Firefox OS, which was originally written in Portuguese.

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Geographic information systems (GISs) have played a vital role in Earth sciences by providing a powerful means of observing the world and various tools for solving complex problems. The scientific community has used GISs to reveal fascinating details about the Earth and other planets. This book on recent advances in GIS for Earth sciences includes 12 publications from esteemed research groups worldwide. The research and review papers in this book belong to the following broad categories: Earth science informatics (geoinformatics), mining, hydrology, natural hazards, and society.

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The work has been authored by 3 experts in enforcement law to analyse whether an administration or government may release software as open source.

Das vorliegende Werk wurde von drei Rechtspraktikern im Rahmen einer Studie verfasst und beantwortet die Frage, ob es nach geltendem Recht zulässig ist, dass der Staat Software, die er selber nutzt und über deren Urheberrecht er verfügt, unter einer „Open-Source“-Lizenz der Öffentlichkeit zur Ver-fügung stellt, bzw. auf welcher föderalen Ebene und auf wel-cher Normstufe entsprechende Rechtsgrundlagen zu schaffenwären. Grundlage bildet die Situation im Kanton Bern (Schweiz) und gemäss schweizerischer Bundesverfassung.

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Selbststudium ist ein wichtiges Element im Zuge der Digitalisierungsbestrebungen an Hochschulen. Das Projekt optes widmet sich dem digitalen, begleiteten Selbststudium im Fach Mathematik. Es bietet mit seinen webbasierten Angeboten die Möglichkeit, das Selbstlernen in der Studienvorbereitung zu unterstützen, um so die Abbruchquoten in MINT-Fächern zu reduzieren. Neben dem Studienvorbereitungsprogramm und Assessment-Tools in der Mathematik im Lernmanagementsystem ILIAS wurden in optes diverse Materialien zur Lernprozessbegleitung entwickelt, inklusive adaptiver Lernempfehlungen, diagnostischer Testverfahren zur Prüfung des Wissensstandes (vor und während des Studiums), Selbstreflexionstools und überfachlicher Lernmodule sowie persönliche E-Mentoring- und E-Tutoring-Programme. Der vorliegende Open-Access-Sammelband stellt die wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse und praktischen Umsetzungen aus dem Projektkontext von optes dar.

Der Inhalt

Digitales, begleitetes Selbststudium in der Mathematik Individuelle Lernprozessbegleitung im SelbststudiumPraxiserfahrungen aus dem Verbundprojekt optes

Die Zielgruppen

Forschende und Studierende der Mathematikdidaktik, der MINT-Fächer und der Pädagogik Lehrende an Schulen, Hochschulen und WeiterbildungsinstitutionenBreite Fachöffentlichkeit im Bereich (Mathematik-)Didaktik

Die Herausgeber

Prof. Dr. Roland Küstermann, Matthias Kunkel, André Mersch und Dr. Anne Schreiber sind die Projektverantwortlichen der beteiligten Hochschulen.

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Artificial intelligence (AI) is heralded as a revolutionary force in the global economy. But the transformation it brings is not simply about new technology as a driver of change. It is about who owns it, what they want to do with it, who can pay for it, and how other economic actors around the world – from legacy manufacturing firms in the Global North to farmers in the Global South – must adjust. This book explores AI systems as products of unequal and conflictual power relations. It exposes grand AI narratives as rhetorical ammunition in political fights over tech futures and socio-economic distribution. Tech giants leverage infrastructure and data to cement their global dominance. Meanwhile, geopolitical competition between China and the United States increasingly dominates the AI economy, entrenching globe-spanning dependencies. The AI Matrix is an essential guide to the real-world economic dynamics that AI unleashes.

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Architects look at thousands of buildings during their training, and study critiques of those buildings written by masters. In contrast, most software developers only ever get to know a handful of large programs well — usually programs they wrote themselves — and never study the great programs of history. As a result, they repeat one another’s mistakes rather than building on one another’s successes.

This second volume of The Architecture of Open Source Applications aims to change that. In it, the authors of twenty-four open source applications explain how their software is structured, and why. What are each program's major components? How do they interact? And what did their builders learn during their development? In answering these questions, the contributors to this book provide unique insights into how they think.

Paperback and donation options available on the book's website. Volume I is also available.

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At over 3,200 pages, this book covers everything from introductory steps all the way to very advanced topics. More importantly, this book is continuously updated to reflect changes in Android itself, with new material being added every couple of months.

This edition, licensed under Creative Commons, is version 5.0 (2013), and may be significantly out of date. Android keeps advancing, and these books will refer to classes, tools, and techniques that are no longer available or recommended. You are strongly encouraged to obtain other Android development knowledge — whether from CommonsWare or somebody else — that is more current to go along with anything you obtain from here.

With a "Warescription", available from Commonsware, you are assured of having current Android programming information at your fingertips.

The book is divided into core chapters plus the trails.

The core chapters — representing ~800 pages — are set up as a typical programming guide, covering the basics of getting an Android app up and running. The book includes material on setting up your development tools, constructing a user interface, loading data from a local database or the Internet, handling the differences between phones and tablets, and much more.

The core chapters also include an integrated set of 19 tutorials, offering you step-by-step guides for creating an Android application from scratch. Hence, whether you "learn by reading" or "learn by doing", you have the material in the core chapters to accomplish your goal.

The rest of the book comprises the trails. These are linked sets of chapters covering advanced topics, organized by theme. However, while the core chapters are designed to be read in sequence, the trails are designed to be read on an as-needed basis, when you want to dive into those specific topics.

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Imagine a bunch of people in a room, all sitting around a table. There are some whiteboards in the room, and coffee, sticky notes, and maybe even a data projector, litter a table. All of those people, except one, share a common problem and they want to create new software to solve it.

But where do they start? There are no developers here … what’s going on? One of them, the facilitator, steps up and initiates a short period of introductions and then asks the question “What is the problem?”

From this, a process unfolds where the people who need this new software (let’s call them the use case specialists) explain all their frustrations with the ways things are done now and what could be better. It is a wide-ranging discussion and everyone is involved. At the facilitator’s prompting, someone jumps up and draws a straggly diagram of a workflow on one of the whiteboards to get their point across. Another pipes up to add nuance to one part of the diagram because they fear the point wasn’t adequately understood. There are some quiet moments, some discussion, lots of laughter, a break for lunch. Plenty of coffee.

Throughout the day, the group somehow (the facilitator knows exactly how) evolves their discussion from big picture problems and ideas to a moment where they are ready to start designing some solution proposals. The facilitator breaks them into small groups and each group has 45 minutes to come up with a solution. When they come back, each group presents their ideas. Some of the ideas are very conceptual, almost poetic. Other ideas are very concrete and diagrammatic. Everyone thinks carefully about the merits of each proposal and what it is trying to say. Discussion ensues. Members of the group ask clarifying questions. After all the proposals are made, they decide on an approach.

In a short time, they have agreed on a set of requirements for software that they have consensus on and all believe will solve (at least some of) their problems. They take photos of all the whiteboard diagrams and document the design agreements thoroughly, creating a Design Brief. At the end of the day, they walk out the door and the design session is over.

The next day the Build Team, featuring user interface (UI), user experience (UX), and code specialists, looks over the documentation with the facilitator through remote conferencing. They discuss the brief, what is clearly defined and what is still to be defined. They work through the issues together, jamming out approaches to open-ended questions which are both technical and feature-focused. The session is not long, perhaps two hours. It’s a lot of fun. From this session, the Design Brief is updated with the decisions. Many technical solutions are left wide open for the code specialists to think through and solve over the next weeks. However, the code specialists can, and do, start work immediately, though the UI/UX specialists add mockups to the documents over the next days. The team works things out on the fly where necessary and gets onto it. Over the next weeks, a few questions to the use case specialists surface – these are either asked directly or through the facilitator.

The use case specialists reconvene six weeks later with the facilitator and are presented with the working code that has been created by the build team over that period. Everyone is amazed. It’s just as they imagined, only better! After seeing the working code, they each have further, exciting, insights into how this problem might be solved. The facilitator steps up and they go through it all again to design the next part of the solution. Everyone is bursting to have their say.

The design-build cycle is repeated until they are done and the software is in production.

This is the Cabbage Tree Method.

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The past decade has seen a profound shift in our collective understanding of the digital network. What was once understood to be a transcendent virtual reality is now experienced as a ubiquitous grid of data that we move through and interact with every day, raising new questions about the social, locative, embodied, and object-oriented nature of our experience in the networked world. In The Emergence of the Digital Humanities, Steven E. Jones examines this shift in our relationship to digital technology and the ways that it has affected humanities scholarship and the academy more broadly. Based on the premise that the network is now everywhere rather than merely "out there," Jones links together seemingly disparate cultural events—the essential features of popular social media, the rise of motion-control gaming and mobile platforms, the controversy over the "gamification" of everyday life, the spatial turn, fabrication and 3D printing, and electronic publishing—and argues that cultural responses to changes in technology provide an essential context for understanding the emergence of the digital humanities as a new field of study in this millennium. The Open Access version of this book, available at https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203093085, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license.

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The Little Go Book is a free introduction to Google's Go programming language. It's aimed at developers who might not be quite comfortable with the idea of pointers and static typing. It's longer than the other Little books, but hopefully still captures that little feeling.

The source, in Markdown, is available on github.

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Acquiring knowledge is a life-long process; we constantly need to keep abreast of developments and progress in science and other disciplines. Embracing a scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) means practicing constant self-reflection, involving evaluation of the academic career and the ways in which strategies are designed to examine, interpret, and share learning about teaching. This practice not only yields benefits to the lecturer but also enriches the scholarly community in the discipline. In general, SoTL is regarded as a vibrant practice of ongoing self-criticism and sharing, which results in accumulated teaching experiences for teachers, students, and the teaching community at large. This book is a contribution from authors sharing their experiences, how their teaching portfolios reflect their personal development as teachers, and how their teaching experiences are embedded in the scholarship of teaching and learning.

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A stunning narrative history of the emergence of electronic “free culture”, from open-source software and Creative Commons licenses to remixes and web 2.0—in the tradition of Lawrence Lessig’s Free Culture

“A world organized around centralized control, strict intellectual property rights, and hierarchies of credentialed experts is under siege. A radically different order of society based on open access, decentralized creativity, collaborative intelligence, and cheap and easy sharing is ascendant.” —from Viral Spiral

From free and open-source software, Creative Commons licenses, Wikipedia, remix music and video mashups, peer production, open science, open education, and open business, the world of digital media has spawned a new “sharing economy” that increasingly competes with entrenched media giants.

Reporting from the heart of this “free culture” movement, journalist and activist David Bollier provides the first comprehensive history of the attempt by a global brigade of techies, lawyers, artists, musicians, scientists, businesspeople, innovators, and geeks of all stripes to create a digital republic committed to freedom and innovation. Viral Spiral—the term Bollier coins to describe the almost magical process by which Internet users can come together to build online commons and tools—brilliantly interweaves the disparate strands of this eclectic movement. The story describes major technological developments and pivotal legal struggles, as well as fascinating profiles of hacker Richard Stallman, copyright scholar Lawrence Lessig, and other colorful figures.

A milestone in reporting on the Internet by one of our leading media critics, Viral Spiral is for anyone seeking to take the full measure of the new digital era.

Buy a hard copy at The New Press

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パーティの場で「フリーソフトウェアを書いているんです」と言っても、 以前のように怪しげな目を向けられることはなくなりました。 「あぁ、オープンソースね。Linuxみたいなものでしょ？」とみんなすぐにわかってくれます。 「そうそう！　そうなんだ」。もはや完全な辺境でなくなったのは嬉しいことです。 次にくる質問は、ちょっと前までは「それで、どうやってお金を稼いでいるの？」に決まっていました。 答えとして、私はオープンソースの経済学について手短に述べたでしょう。 すなわち、あるソフトウェアが存在することで利益を得る組織があるのですが、 その組織はそのソフトウェアを販売する必要はなく、 ただそのソフトウェアが利用可能であり保守されているということを確かめたいのです、商品ではなく道具として。

しかし、最近は「オープンソースでどうやって儲けるの？」的な質問は少なくなってきました。 いまやオープンソースソフトウェア でお金を稼ぐことは不思議でも何でもなくなったのです。オープンソースを仕事にしている人たちがいるということを、 開発者以外でも多くの人が理解しています—あるいは少なくとも驚かないようになってきています。 最近は、こんな質問に変わってきました。「オープンソースって、いったいどういう仕組みになっているんですか？」

当時の私は、その質問にうまく答えることができませんでした。考えれば考えるほど、 その話題が複雑なものであるように思えてきたのです。 フリーソフトウェアのプロジェクトを運営するというのは普通の商売とはちょっと違います （たとえば、会ったこともないボランティアのグループを相手にして自社の製品についての交渉を毎日のように行うなんてことは普通はありませんよね？）。 また、ごく一般的な非営利組織を運営したり政府を運営したりというのとも少々異なります。 　 まぁそれぞれ似ている点もあるのですが、徐々にわかってきたのは、 フリーソフトウェアは独特 （sui generis） だということです。 比較対象となるものはいくらでもありますが、その中のどれとも違うのです。 実際のところ、フリーソフトウェアプロジェクトを「運営することができる」という仮定さえも確かではありません。 フリーソフトウェアプロジェクトを「始める」ことはできます。 また、さまざまな人たちがそのプロジェクトに影響を与えることができます。中には強烈に影響を及ぼす人もいるでしょう。 しかし、そのプロジェクト自体は特定の個人の所有物とすることはできません。 そのプロジェクトに興味を持つ人がどこかにひとりでもいる限り、一方的にそのプロジェクトを終了することもできません。 誰もが限りない力を持っています。と同時に、誰もが無力だという一面もあります。興味深い話です。

といったわけで、私は本書を執筆することになったのです。 フリーソフトウェアプロジェクトは独特の文化を発展させてきました。 ソフトウェアに思い通りの仕事をさせる自由が主要な信条となる気風です。それでなおその自由の結果、 個々人がばらばらにコードとともに我が道を行くのではなく、熱狂的な共同作業が行われているのです。 実際、協調性というのはフリーソフトウェア界で最も評価されるスキルのひとつです。 プロジェクトを運営していくということは、ある種の肥大化した共同作業に従事するということです。 そこでは他人と作業をする能力だけではなく、共同作業を進めるための新たな手法を創り出す能力により、 ソフトウェアに具体的な利益をもたらすことができるのです。 本書では、このようにプロジェクトをうまく進めていくための秘訣を説明します。 決して完璧なものではありませんが、初めの一歩としては十分だと思います。

よいフリーソフトウェアを作ることは、本質的に価値のある目標です。 その方法を模索している読者のみなさんが、本書で何かのヒントを得てくだされば幸いです。 またそれだけでなく、実際にオープンソース開発者たちのチームに参加して、 一緒に作業を進めていただけるようになることも望んでいます。 志の高いメンバーとともに作業を進め、ユーザーと直接対話するのは非常に楽しいことです。 うまく動いているフリーソフトウェアプロジェクトでの作業はほんとうに 「楽しい」 ものです。 そして結局のところ、その楽しさがあるからこそプロジェクトがうまく進むのです。

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在聚会上，当我告诉别人我写自由软件时，人们不再是一副茫然的表情。他们会说，“哦，开源软件—就像linux？”我使劲地点头："对！我就是做那个的。"不再被凉在一边的感觉真好。要在过去，下面的一个问题通常会是这个：“你靠那个怎么挣钱？”为了回答他们，我必须概述开源软件的经济学：有一些组织对某个特定软件的存在感兴趣，但他们不需要卖拷贝，而是确保这些软件能够免费获得并且有人维护，能够作为工具而不是商品使用。

然而之后的问题不再总是同钱有关。开源软件[1]的商业案例不再是如此神秘，许多的非编程人士已经了解到—或至少不再惊奇—确实有一些人被雇佣全职做开源。于是，我越来越频繁地被问到的第二个问题是：“那么，开源软件是怎么运作的？”

我手头没有现成的满意的答案，更困难之处在于当我试图给出一个时，我意识到它是一个多么复杂的题目。运行一个自由软件项目完全不同于商业运作（想像一下必须时常同大部分你从未谋面的志愿者们商讨产品的特性的情景！ ）。由于某些原因，也和传统的非盈利组织不同，也不同于一个政府。与上述事物有许多相似性，但我渐渐得出了一个结论，自由软件是独一无二的。有许多事情可以与之比较，但没有一个与之完全等同。实际上，即使对于自由软件项目可以“运行”的假设也是一种引申。一个自由软件项目能被开启，并且会受到对此感兴趣的团体的强烈影响，而且它的资产不属于任何一个个人或团体，会源源不断从某些地方冒出对此感兴趣的人，所以它不会被—任何人—单方面地终止。每个人都有无限的权利，每个人又都没有权利。它形成了这样一种有趣的动态平衡。

这就是我要写此书的原因。自由软件运动已经进化出了一种独特的文化，一种信奉个人能够让软件做任何事情、自由为中心信条的思想，这种自由的结果并不是让每个人对代码各行其事，而是是狂热的合作。实际上，在合作中竞争也是自由软件运动中最有价值的技巧之一。管理这样的项目就是处理一堆庞大的合作关系，在这里个人能力不仅是和他人一起工作，而且包括通过一条崭新的合作方式对软件做出实际的贡献。这本书试图描述实行这种方式所需要的技术。它不会包含全部，但却是重要的起步。

优秀的自由软件本身就是极有价值的目标，我希望那些在本书中寻找创造成功软件方法的读者能够得到满意的答案。除此之外，我想传达那种纯粹的快乐，来自同充满活力的开源软件开发团队的合作，来自通过开源软件所鼓励的直接方式与用户的交流。成为一个成功的自由软件项目的一分子是有趣的，这才是驱动整个系统运转的终极动力。

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